What is a root canal? When a tooth becomes cracked or decayed and bacteria infects the inner pulp (nerves and blood vessels) these nerves will have to be removed and the canal cleaned in order to protect the tooth. Opting for a root canal when necessary can improve your overall dental health and smile. Many times patients believe this procedure to be difficult and painful. However, performing a root canal usually eliminates the pain of an aching tooth. In most cases the procedure is similar to having a filling placed. The number one benefit of root canal therapy is being able to save a diseased tooth from extraction.